Blood tests for antibodies against alpha-gliadin (AGA), endomysial antibody (EmA) or tissue transglutaminase (tTG) are helpful in screening for coeliac disease, but are insufficient to make a definite diagnosis.
The only way to diagnose coeliac disease properly is by taking a sample (biopsy) of tissue from the lining of the small intestine (usually the duodenum, sometimes the jejunum) for examination under the microscope. The standard way to take the biopsy is through a gastroscope.
The procedure of upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy (or oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, OGD) is usually carried out as an outpatient. An OGD and biopsy takes about 10-15 minutes (excluding waiting times!). To confirm the diagnosis correctly, a biopsy is taken when on a normal (gluten-containing) diet and may be repeated after a period of gluten exclusion to make sure that the initial abnormalities are responding to treatment. It may take over a year for the gut lining to recover completely on a gluten-free diet.
The only way to diagnose coeliac disease properly is by taking a sample (biopsy) of tissue from the lining of the small intestine (usually the duodenum, sometimes the jejunum) for examination under the microscope. The standard way to take the biopsy is through a gastroscope.
The procedure of upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy (or oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, OGD) is usually carried out as an outpatient. An OGD and biopsy takes about 10-15 minutes (excluding waiting times!). To confirm the diagnosis correctly, a biopsy is taken when on a normal (gluten-containing) diet and may be repeated after a period of gluten exclusion to make sure that the initial abnormalities are responding to treatment. It may take over a year for the gut lining to recover completely on a gluten-free diet.
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